Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Chu ibn rochd Casablanca, Morocco

Background Patients with toxic thyroid nodules don't typically undergo fine-needle aspiration (FNA) to check for cancer, and thyroid cancer in hyperthyroidism patients is said to be rare. However, there may be higher malignancy rates than previously thought in hyperthyroid patients. The prevalence of malignancy in hyperthyroidism patients who had thyroid operations is investigated in this study. Methods 138 individuals with hyperthyroidism who underwent thyroidectomy at a single hospital had their prospectively gathered data retrospectively reviewed. Patients with Graves' disease (n = 80), toxic multinodular goitre (n = 46), and toxic solitary nodule (n = 12) were separated into these three categories. Patients who had had thyroid surgery in the past were not included in the study. All patients had clinical diagnosis of hyperthyroidism by a referring physician and biochemical confirmation of hyperthyroidism with thyroid-stimulating hormone 0.1 mIU/L. Results Final pathology revealed 22% (31/138) of the 138 patients had cancer. Following is a breakdown of malignancy according to hyperthyroidism: 16% of people with Graves' disease, 24% of people with toxic multinodular goitres, and 50% of people with toxic solitary nodules. Conclusions Patients who get thyroid surgery for hyperthyroidism experience a clinically significant risk of malignancy. Patients should receive the necessary workup with ultrasound and FNA to eliminate underlying malignancy since those patients may have the highest rates of malignancy when they have distinct thyroid nodules in the presence of hyperthyroidism. Surgery should be considered as the initial therapy in cases with worrisome ultrasonography findings and/or FNA cytopathology.

Hyperthyroidism, Graves' disease, Toxic multinodular goiter, Toxic solitary nodule

Diham Zahi . Patients undergoing thyroidectomies for hyperthyroidism have high rates of underlying thyroid cancer. Insights Journal of Surgery and Clinical Case Reports 2019.